francisco.colaco wrote: ↑October 17th, 2022, 3:36 am
We also have redshift to guess relative speeds of distant objects. Those are used for distant objects, confirming the expanding Universe.
I guess you are very late to the party (the early 1960s) so I will try and help you out here. At least some food for thought. But it must be said that the big bang, interpretation of redshift, expanding universe and all the other theoretical mathematical assumptions that is modern mainstream science is dead with no possibility of resurrection. DEAD.
Objects in the mirror are closer than they appear.... REDSHIFT...
"It seems likely that redshift may not be due to an expanding universe, and much of speculations on the structure of the universe may require re-examination. "-Edwin Hubble, PASP, 1947
It needs more than re-examination, it needs to be abolished and the sooner one realizes this fact the sooner they can get back on the road to truth. One mile in the wrong direction is a two mile error, unlearning is twice as hard as learning.
"The evidence that many objects previously believed to be at great distances are actually much closer confronts us with the most drastic possible revision of current concepts." -Halton Arp (Arp was Edwin Hubble's assistant/protege and took over Hubble as lead astronomer at one of the most prominent observatories in the world.)
Objects in the mirror are closer than they appear!
“...if redshifts are not primarily velocity-shifts, the picture is simple and plausible. There is no evidence of expansion and no restriction of time-scale, no trace of spatial curvature, and no limitation of spatial dimensions.” — Edwin Hubble, Observational Approach to Cosmology, Oxford 1937.
Hubble is right, there is absolutely no evidence to support the foolishness that is redshift, bending time and space (no cause and effect), and expanding universe, none except for Hollywood theoretical math that is.
What is Redshift:
Redshift refers to the shift in light from distant galaxies toward red on the light spectrum. Those who subscribe to big bang cosmology interpret redshift to mean that all galaxies are flying apart at high speed and that the universe is expanding rapidly. The evidence shows this is just not so. Dr. Halton Arp has shown that the big bang theory is based on an incorrect interpretation of the evidence.
Here is Carl Sagan from his book, "Cosmos". He clearly understands the significance if Hubble and Arp are correct which they are.
On the question of whether the Doppler interpretation of galactic redshift is a reliable indicator of an "expanding universe," Sagan wrote: "There is nevertheless a nagging suspicion among some astronomers, that all may not be right with the deduction, from the redshift of galaxies via the Doppler effect, that the universe is expanding. The astronomer Halton Arp has found enigmatic and disturbing cases where a galaxy and a quasar, or a pair of galaxies, that are in apparent physical association have very different redshifts...."
We have example after example of galaxies that are connected to one another with completely different redshifts. This is utterly impossible for big bang cosmologists and clearly, redshift is not what mainstream claims it to be. That is through redshift we can measure the distance of stars thus validating expanding universe. This is clearly false!
Sagan continues, "If Arp is right, the exotic mechanisms proposed to explain the energy source of distant quasars -- supernova chain reactions, supermassive black holes and the like -- would prove unnecessary. Quasars need not then be very distant. But some other exotic mechanism will be required to explain the redshift. In either case, something very strange is going on in the depths of space."
"If Arp is right, the exotic mechanisms proposed to explain...distant quasars -- supernova chain reactions, supermassive black holes and the like -- would prove unnecessary."
Simply put, there is no such thing as expanding universe, big bang cosmology, black holes, invisible dark energy, and matter. It's all theoretical math that has no relation to reality.
Halton Arp (and now many others have validated) discovered that high and low redshift objects are sometimes connected by a bridge or jet of matter. So redshift cannot be a measure of distance. Most of the redshift is intrinsic to the object. But there is more: Arp found that the intrinsic redshift of a quasar or galaxy took discrete values, which decreased with distance from a central active galaxy. In Arp’s new view of the cosmos, active galaxies “give birth” to high redshift quasars and companion galaxies.
Redshift becomes a measure of the relative ages of nearby quasars and galaxies, not their distance. As a quasar or galaxy ages, the redshift decreases in discrete steps, or quanta.
Arp discovered, by taking photographs and spectra with the big telescopes, that many pairs of quasars (quasi-stellar objects) which have extremely high redshift z values (and are therefore thought to be receding from us very rapidly - and thus must be located at a great distance from us) are physically connected to galaxies that have low redshift and are known to be relatively close by. Arp has photographs of many pairs of high redshift quasars that are symmetrically located on either side of what he suggests are their parent, low redshift galaxies. These pairings occur much more often than the probabilities of random placement would allow. Mainstream astrophysicists try to explain away Arp's observations of connected galaxies and quasars as being "illusions" or "coincidences of apparent location". But, the large number of physically associated quasars and low red shift galaxies that he has photographed and cataloged defies that evasion.
Because of Arp's observations, the assumption that high red shift objects have to be very far away - on which the "Big Bang" theory and all of "accepted cosmology" is based - has to be fundamentally reexamined because it has been proven to be wrong. The Big Bang theory is therefore falsified.
Redshift and expanding universe are falsified! What are the ramifications of this discovery? Here is a hint.... Objects may be closer than they appear. They say we can look so far back we can see the initial explosion of the big bang when actuality, the universe is infinite and we are no closer to one end of the galaxy from the other, that the "edge" of the universe all around us is no closer in any particular direction. hmm...
This means the universe did not exist at all as a point source in the past, and the "Big Bang" is wrong. It also obviates the need for any "dark energy" dark matter, black holes, curved space, and time assumption in the physics. The entire big-bang theory hangs on this ONE huge assumption: that cosmological redshift indicates the expansion of "space" and that assumption is WRONG on so many levels!
Here is one of Halton Arp lectures about intrinsic redshift and a new cosmology that replaces the "Big Bang". Arp marshaled unequivocal evidence for a negation of the redshift=recessional velocity as a cornerstone of modern cosmology.
Arp's lecture will change most everything you think you know about how the physical universe works: Observations showing that extragalactic redshifts are NOT caused by an expanding universe; An empirical picture of the birth and evolution of quasars and galaxies; Accounts of crucial observations ignored and suppressed. I most definitely would make time to watch this video at some point.
Halton C. Arp (1927-2013) received his Bachelors degree from Harvard College in 1949 and his Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology in 1953, both cum laude. He was a professional astronomer who, earlier in his career, conducted Edwin Hubble's nova search in M31. He earned the Helen B.Warner prize, the Newcomb Cleveland award and the Alexander von Humboldt Senior Scientist Award. For 28 years he was staff astronomer at the Mt. Palomar and Mt. Wilson observatories. While there, he produced his well-known catalog of "Peculiar Galaxies" that are disturbed or irregular in appearance.
Halton Arp, A Modern-Day Galileo
https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/cien ... tonarp.htm
Astronomy has little to celebrate in 2009!
https://www.holoscience.com/wp/astronom ... e-in-2009/
Halton Arp's official website
https://www.haltonarp.com/
Few of the books by Halton Arp:
-Seeing Red: Redshifts, Cosmology and Academic Science
-Catalogue of Discordant Redshift Associations
-Quasars, Redshifts, and Controversies
Remembering Halton Arp | Space News
The Big Bang & Microwave Background - The Early Years
MUST WATCH!!!!
The Herouni Antenna - The Death of the Big Bang! (Check out all the links in the description!!!!)
Indeed, Big Bang is dead and has been falsified due to the refutation of the underlying redshift = distance assumption as well as the falsified microwave background. Mainstream theoretical mathematical science and Big Bang cosmology are dead!
Key paper relative to the self noise at 8mm:
P. Herouni, Measured Parameters of Large Antenna of ROT-54/2.6 Tell about Absence of Big Bang
Journal of Astrophysics: Reports. — National Academy of Sciences of Armenia 2007, v. 107, no. 1. 73-78.
http://elib.sci.am/2007_1/10_1_2007.pdf
P. Herouni, About Self Noises of Radio-Optical Telescope ROT-54/2.6 Antenna. Journal of Applied Electromagnetism. Athens. 1999, v. 2, No. 1, 51-57.
The aforementioned paper by Professor Herouni has just been reinstated as item 7 (the last) in JAE V.2., N.2 (not the original V.2., N.1) 1999.
It has no page numbers and is a pdf file of scanned images of the pages of the original paper. One can simply compare with adjacent papers to notice the change.
Here is the link to the zip file of all papers in V.2, N.2, 1999
The general archive page is here
http://jae.ece.ntua.gr/archive/archive_index.html
Armenian Video about Herouni's Antenna on Youtube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lptQs...
A short documentary by: Hayk Alaverdian Anush Mariam Petrosyan Arianna Khachatrian Vachagan Gratian
A. Penzias and R. Wilson, A Measurement Of Excess Antenna Temperature At 4080 Mc/s. Astrophys. J. Letters 1965, v. 142, 419–421.
https://bit.ly/2CMq76V
R.H. Dicke, P.J.E. Peebles, P.J. Roll, D.T. Wilkinson, Cosmic Black-Body Radiation. Astrophys. J. Letters 1965, v. 142, 414–419.
https://bit.ly/2RiLZMm
P.M. Robitaille, Water, Hydrogen Bonding and the Microwave Background, Progr. Phys. 2009, v. 5, no. 2, L5-L8.
http://ptep-online.com/2009/PP-17-L2.PDF
P.M. Robitaille, COBE: A Radiological Analysis, Progr. Phys. 2009, v. 5, no. 4, 17-42.
http://ptep-online.com/2009/PP-19-03.PDF
P.M. Robitaille, WMAP: A Radiological Analysis, Progr. Phys. 2007, v. 3, no. 1, 3-18.
http://ptep-online.com/2007/PP-08-01.PDF
P.M. Robitaille, The Planck Satellite LFI and the Microwave Background: Importance of the 4 K Reference Targets, Progr. Phys. 2010, v. 6, no. 3, 11-18.
http://ptep-online.com/2010/PP-22-02.PDF
P. Herouni and V.S. Oskanian, Radio flare on Etta Gemini Star, Proc. Int. Astron. Union 1990, v. 137, 145-146.
Article in Russian on Herouni's antenna:
https://www.gazeta.ru/science/2016/06/1 ... 4977.shtml
Herouni P. M. The First Radio-Optical Telescope, Antennas and Propagation:
Trans. of the Sixth International Conference ICAP-89.
Coventry, UK: IET Conference Publications, April 4, 1989, v. 1, no. 301, 540-546. INSPEC[en] Accession Number: 3417018
P. Herouni Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Herouni
Article on P. Hourini - see about 1/2 way down on this link:
https://www.tapatalk.com/groups/armenia ... 3-s20.html
Sargsyan A. Different objects observation on the Radio-optical Telescope ROT-54/2/6, WESTNIK IAELPS, vol.8, #7, Saint-Petersburg, 2003.
Sargsyan A. et al, Analysis of Feeding Systems for Double Reflector Spherical Antennas , IRPhE’2012,
“Gitutiun” Publishing House of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, p.219-227, Yerevan, 2013.
Sargsyan A. et al, Investigating and simulating the mechanical deformations impact on the field distribution in the antenna aperture
for the ROT-54/2.6 radio optical telescope, Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Advanced Lightweight Structure and Reflector
Antennas, p. 346-355, Georgia, 2018.
Link to Professor Robitaille’s papers on Vixra:
https://vixra.org/author/pierre-marie_robitaille
Image of the Bell Lab Horn Antenna
By Fabioj - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,